Physicist - The Motor and The Impeller

The Motor; how it works

This is an induction motor that runs on an alternating current. One of the main design features of this motor is the induction component; rather than have contact points with the rotor; it relies on the alternating magnetic field in order to induce a current in a secondary coil. The induced current also generates an opposing magnetic field to the original field. In order to calculate this current and magnetic field, you need to look at it with a surface integral. For this reason, my model will only include the calculations basic in order to calculate the power of the motor as well as the speed and torque. The other reason not to look at the internal forces operating the motor is because of difficulty in measuring the fields and current. For example; while we know what the current coming to the motor is, as well as the number of dipoles (the points on the motor where the magnetic field is concentrated), we would have to measure the wires resistivity, length would have to be estimated, current measured, and distance of the rotors measured. For this reason, all magnetic fields are internalized and assumed for this simulation. It is important to note the inaccuracies in the model due to ignoring the internal forces. This is mainly in “magnetic leak” in the coils and other heat losses due to resistance in said wires.

The Vacuum; the impeller

The impeller was the second component to this device, and is also one of the components that were not modeled. The reason for this is due to the complexity in creating a mathematical model of things involving the movement of air; it requires more complex mathematics to get an accurate model. While the motor also involved more complex math to fully model its working principles, It was not necessary to get a fairly accurate model. The impeller is, nonetheless, equally important to the operation of the vacuum; as is its design intentional for the product. The choice of an impeller was due to the ability of an impeller to force the airflow to the edge of the device, this way, it would keep the debris that pass through the filter away from the motor and other electronic components.

A final note to the design is a lack of safety features in the event of a power surge or water contact with the device. The only components within the simple circuit are a switch, a power chord/supply, and the motor.